Spanish Version The 9/11 attacks were shocking. And so were the 2004 Madrid train bombings. After all, they represented the first major terrorist atrocities committed by modern jihadism on Western soil. Accordingly, our politicians framed the events with various cognitive metaphors pertaining to the domain of exceptionality, madness and irrationality. Fast forward 15 years and regardless of hundreds of additional attacks, yielding thousands of deaths and casualties, it wou

Spanish Version Radicalization is the root of all evil, particularly of the jihadist kind. Or so the mainstream narrative goes, particularly after the publication of a 2007 New York Police Department report called Radicalization in the West. This idea, which has come to be pervasive in today's society, is wrong at both the conceptual and the empirical level. Not only that: it is also profoundly misleading, and regressively so. At the conceptual level, every serious inqu